History of Iran

History of Iran Iran-contra episode was a political scandal between United State and Iran in the mid 1980’s. In the scandal, weapons were sold by the U.S government to Iran where the U.S hostages who had been held in Lebanon were released. On U.S policy by then, it was not allowed to make any funding in relation to support of Contras on the Boland Amendment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of Iran-contra Episode in the mid 1980’s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Contra groups were repels of which North, who was a Marine Corps during the scandal, held partial accountability in the deal of the weapons sale to Iran which occurred through the intermediaries. The scandal represented an aberration in American foreign country. To start with, it is a representation of a policy inconsistency in America policy as there was an amendment made against such transactions where the Reagan administration discarded its official weapons to Iranians. The U.S policy held the focus on restraining communism expansion but the Reagan doctrine basing on Iran-contra episode was determined in providing assistance to them that had aligned themselves against the government through Soviet Union. In 1985, there was the authorization bill which supported the anti-communist deter groups receiving full public acknowledgement. Iran had been declared as the leading sponsor in matters related to the international terrorism. This was the reason behind the laid restrictions on sale of any weapons to Iran. The U.S officials laid the underpinning plan for dramatic policy shift in their favor towards Iran. Fighting terrorism was however recognized during the reign of Reagan as the utmost foreign policy main concern (Byrne and Kornbluh). Iran-contra episode was considered to be a leadership problem instead of foreign policy’s problems in America on its objectives. In this view, foreign policy appraisal during the reign of Re agan is then important. Putting onto the considerations of the Reagan doctrine, American military had been underscored in power during the Vietnam experience. Iran-contra episode was carried in the secrecy which involved the foreign policy procedures. The operations involved carried two main objectives which included the hostage release and support of contra repels. Upon the discovery of the operations there was legal and upheaval to the Reagan administration. This proceeded Iran-contra committee which was meant to uncover them that held full accountability of the episode so as to avoid any other illegal activities which could be related with the foreign policy in future.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Iran-contra episode brought about full illustration of how the Reagan administration fully embraced his doctrine. The episode also brought about jointly two vexing and t roublesome foreign policies. One of the policies dealt with Sandinista regime which was in Nicaragua, in the view of affirmed Marxist with the soul intention of spreading rebellion in terms of revolution all through in Central America. The second problem was associated with the Reagan administration dealing with Ayatollah Khomeini who led the Iranian regime and along with scholars supporters, had detained 63 Americans an act which happened in November 1979. In mid 1985, Reagan opted for the reversal on longstanding foreign policy to the sale of weapons to Iran in an attempt of freeing the U.S detainees (McCormick 144). The episode affected both bureaucratic and content characteristics of U.S foreign policy. There was a damage of both transparency and integrity of the government’s policy and this posed the challenge on how Reagan set of guidelines were being approved. It is conversely viewed as a means of privatization of what is supposed to be a public foreign policy with tra nsparency to just few individual groups’ consideration, such as the American Security Council as well as the privatization on constitutional grounds (Holsti 115). It is therefore a dictatorship path where the executive directs all powers without questioning. It cannot be overlooked the fact that Reagan administration had largely made some successful efforts in Soviet Union restoration and becoming a central of focus to the U.S on its foreign policy. This however did not take long as during the second reigning of Reagan as there was more on accommodation than the confrontations on the enforcement of the foreign policy in America. There were staunch in reverence to the anti-communist policy but the results were mixed after the Iran-contra episode. The values contained in the foreign policies were challenged as well as the directions of these policies in America. In conclusion, there were no changes which were made in the legislation so as to protect any other future breakdown w hich would happen in legality in reverence to foreign policy dealings. Even after the investigations were done, Reagan was only charged with the failure of carrying constitutional duty which demanded the upholding of regulations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of Iran-contra Episode in the mid 1980’s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The investigations which were carried were however viewed as a way of interfering with Reagan’s foreign policy. It can even be viewed as a deep commitment which the major purpose was to seek for the freedom of hostages. The Iran-contra episode is however viewed as a political witch-hunt through the investigations so as to punish officials over the variance on foreign policy in America. Iran-contra episode however, was an exposure to the zealous disregard which was carried by the executive branch to represent legislative constraints on American overseas policy. Work Cited Byrne, Malcolm and Peter Kornbluh. The Iran-Contra Scandal in Perspective. 2010. Web. Holsti, Ole R. Public opinion and American foreign policy. New York: University of Michigan Press, 2004. McCormick, James M. American Foreign Policy and Process. New York: Cengage Learning, 2009.

Get on the Fast Track With These Car Sayings

Get on the Fast Track With These Car Sayings Some people insist its a guy thing- this fascination with cars that starts at a young age and lasts throughout life. You probably know guys who cant stop talking about the features, shape, accessories and safety mechanisms of their favorite vehicles. For some of them, the four-wheel machine becomes a passion- a symbol of success, power or freedom. What is it that makes guys swoon over these expensive contraptions? Perhaps these car quotes can give us insights. Francoise Sagan Money may not buy happiness, but Id rather cry in a Jaguar than on a bus. Anita Clenney All human males were as fascinated with cars as they were with breasts. Marshall McLuhan The car has become the carapace, the protective and aggressive shell, of urban and suburban man. James M. Cain Stealing a mans wife, thats nothing, but stealing his car, thats larceny. Prince Philip When a man opens a car door for his wife, its either a new car or a new wife. Ralph Waldo Emerson The civilized man has built a coach, but has lost the use of his feet. H. G. Wells Every time I see an adult on a bicycle, I no longer despair for the future of the human race. Albert Einstein Any man who can drive safely while kissing a pretty girl is simply not giving the kiss the attention it deserves. Bill Vaughan A real patriot is the fellow who gets a parking ticket and rejoices that the system works. Charles M. Hayes Remember the street car cannot turn out. Dale Earnhardt The winner aint the one with the fastest car; its the one who refuses to lose. Bertrand Russell Its a waste of energy to be angry with a man who behaves badly, just as it is to be angry with a car that wont go. Dr. Laurence J. Peter Going to church does not make you a Christian any more than going to the garage makes you a car. Erma Bombeck Never lend your car to anyone to whom you have given birth. Stephen Wright I replaced the headlights in my car with strobe lights so it looks like Im the only one moving. Rodney Dangerfield My wife wants sex in the back of the car, and she wants me to drive. Mitch Hedberg I know a lot about cars, man. I can look at any cars headlights and tell you exactly which way its coming. E. B. White Everything in life is somewhere else, and you get there in a car. George Bernard Shaw What Englishman will give his mind to politics as long as he can afford to keep a motor car? Bill Watterson Shutting off the thought process is not rejuvenating; the mind is like a car battery - it recharges by running. Budd Schulberg Living with a conscience is like driving a car with the brakes on. Kevin Sinclair There is a clear link between protecting your car and home and protecting your life. So life insurance was a logical addition to the AAs range.

GAP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

GAP - Research Paper Example In as much as it is a publicly traded company in the United States of America, Gap’s brand is known all over the world. Currently, it is a billion dollar company that has over one hundred thousand employees in all its stores spread all over the world. Gap Inc. headquarters is currently in San Francisco, California. However, it also has some of its design offices London, San Francisco and London. The company’s brand name is Gap, and it sells clothing to all groups of people ranging from males, females and children. Gap operates five principal divisions namely; Banana Republic, Piperlime, the namesake banner, Athleta, and Old Navy. The Piperlime is its online store that sells handbags and shoes to its customers; the Banana Republic brand demonstrates a high quality and a luxurious brand; Athleta is a novel brand that was created by athletic women to make and sell athletic clothing to active women; and Old Navy brand which meets the demands for all the cost-conscious customers (Rosenbloom, 2008). From all these, it is evident that Gap Inc. covers and all people and meets the demands of almost all age groups. From its inception, Gap Inc. has remained the largest specialty retailer in United States of America despite being surpassed by Inditex Group, a Spanish-based company, as a the world’s leading apparel retailer. Some of its strengths that have enabled it to remain relevant in the market include; brand recognition, multiple stores worldwide, segmented markets, product utility, among others (Maheshwari, 2012). However, it failed to acknowledge the importance of its customers by paying lots of attention to its expansion strategies, instead of meeting the customer needs. It is a fact that expansion strategies can only be successful when apposite research is done. Concentrating on expansion strategies is correct for several stores only when they have a strong foothold in the market, or when their customers are extremely loyal. However, these two fundamental

Police Gratuity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Police Gratuity - Essay Example This paper illustrates that gratuities help in cementing the relationship between the police officers and the public. The police officers who accept gratuities are more informed that police officers who are very strict on law enforcement. Gratuities, therefore, bridge the gap between the police officers and the general public. It offers an avenue where the general public interacts with the police personnel with minimal professional boundaries. On the other hand, it is quite unethical for someone to refuse a gift or an appreciation for favors. Therefore, it serves as a means of expression of human characteristics by the police officer to the public. A gift is known for converting the receiver and the respondent together in a mutual social reciprocation relationship. Gratuities also play a significant role in creating a mutual relationship between the general public and police officers. In the broader perspective, gratuities can be viewed as a method which necessitates community polici ng concept. Police officers, therefore, use gratuities to develop a good relationship with the public. The developed police-public relationship serves as a platform for transferring criminal information from the public to the police officers. Additionally, gratuities are used by criminal investigation department in their investigations. Gratuities reduce the cost of administration of justice. The legal procedure to get justice is sometimes very expensive in terms of resources and time. Additionally, people who are prone to gratuities are frequent users of the police services. The known frequent users of gratuities are businessmen to hide their bad reputation and traits from the general public. On the other hand, gratuities may tamper with police officers ability to administer fair and just services to the public. Police officers are likely to grant preferential treatment to those who are prone to gratuities. In such situation, justice would be administered unfairly. Gratuities overr ate the position of police officer. Police officers who accept gratuities view themselves as very special officers who must be rewarded for their services to the public. Police officers are professionals in their own capacity. They are paid salaries to offer protection and other services to the public. Therefore, acceptance of gratuities is unethical and violation of their professional ethics.

Elizabeth Barrett-Browning and W.B. Yeats :: Biography Biographies Essays

Elizabeth Barrett-Browning and W.B. Yeats    Elizabeth Barrett-Browning and W.B. Yeats, examined together in the same sitting are as different as the Victorian and Post-Modernist eras they emerged from, yet they were both independent thinkers of their time.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Browning, born in 1806 before Victorianism came into full play, was celebrated as a woman poet but also quite conformist to the Victorian movement in some regards.   Browning did make use of her family's money to "give herself an exceptional education"   (1858) and she thought outside of traditional lines in regards to gender roles for women as in her poem "Aurora Leigh".   In this poem, the narrator is a woman which is unusual for that era "Place your fecund heart in mine, and let us blossom for the world"   (1877).   It was unusual in the Victorian era - to consider that women added anything substantial to a marriage relationship.   Browning was definitely independent in her thinking and in her personal life - defying her father by eloping with Robert Browning late in life   (1859).        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are other elements of her poetry that are fairly conformist to the Victorian age.   Her poem "Sonnets from the Portugese" describes a courtship that is prudent and in keeping with Victorian age.   This form of a sonnet was taken from Shakespeare's style, yet another element of Browning stepping into territory formerly only occupied by men   (1859).        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   W.B. Yeats, influenced in large part by his free-thinking father, became just that   (2322).   Yeats poetry contains elements of the mysticism that he studied, whether the double worded meaning of "The Second Coming" or the reference to Spiritus Mundi in that poem, Yeats defied the religious conformist thinking prevalent at the end of the Victorian era..   In his poem, "Sailing to Byzantium", Yeats takes on the narrative voice of an old man, sailing away from his "homeland" to Byzantium, where old men stand in "God's holy fire"   (2332).   This reference to Byzantium, a city of the Roman empire, would not have been considered "holy" by traditional religious thinking.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yeats borrows from Greek mythology in "Leda and the Swan" and puts words to a sexually explicit tale of a swan raping a girl   (2337).

The revelatory dilemma presented in the play also revolves around the economic situations Nora

The theme of feminism as it relates to A Doll’s House concerns mainly Nora’sreactions to the alternate drives of so called domestic tranquility and the formulation of an effective identity that works outside of the domestic sphere.The revelatory dilemma presented in the play also revolves around the economic situations Nora finds herself in, linking, as many plays of the era did, concern with money to moral action, depicting Krogstad as an immoral character and linking his moral action to Nora, as others including her father do, through the use of money.   â€Å"Nora, Nora! Just like a woman!But seriously, Nora, you know what I think about that sort of thing. No debts, no borrowing. There's something constrained, something ugly even, about a home that's founded on borrowing and debt† (Ibsen 149).   Mainly, from a feminist perspective, the revelatory dimensions of Nora’s decisions inform most of the work, in terms of her gradual shift away from the stif ling domestic sphere towards a greater independence that is formed by an establishment of greater degrees of knowledge.   As she has more revelations as a character, Nora grows to a new awareness of what was previously hidden, and manages to put these changes into perspective.Although it seems at times that she is overwhelmed, Nora is generally able to get over her knowledge and use the concealed information to some future advantage of her own.   Nora’s system of discovery is based on her early life partly, when she was alternately dependent on her father and then her husband.   She was sheltered by this transition and does not have a very good idea about the real world, but she also is cunning enough to negotiate for her independence, and the discovery of secrets along the way drives her towards this independence as a goal.Ibsen, H.   A Doll’s House.   New York:   Penguin 1994.   

Flapper Dream Analysis - 1477 Words

Winter Dreams and the Emptiness of the Flapper Lifestyle During the 1920s, there was a massive increase in the post-war economy, and with it came luxuries and technologies that many Americans had never seen before. The changing cultural climate brought with it drastic changes in the ideals and morals of the youth because they had become disillusioned with their parents morals and lifestyles following World War 1. Interestingly, the disillusionment that the youth of America felt towards their parents way of living brought about the first real generation gap. History remembers the time of this generation gap as the Jazz Age, and its culture quickly became enamored with the idea of being young and living for today.†¦show more content†¦Accordingly, Fitzgerald uses the characters in â€Å"Winter Dreams† as a warning to his generation about how the irresponsibility and emptiness of the wild lifestyle of the 1920s could lead to their downfall. In â€Å"Winter Dreams,† the character of Judy Jones represents the flapper lifestyle and the spirit of the 1920s. One parallel between her and the flappers comes in the form of her disregard for the customs of the previous generation, which Fitzgerald illustrates through her flippancy towards Mr. Hendrick on the golf course. Her remark â€Å"Did I bounce into the rough?† shows that she does not have the manners to be distraught over hitting someone with a golf ball and that she has the flapper trait of disregard for the customs and morals of previous generations (Fitzgerald 3). Furthermore, Mr. Hendrick’s remark that â€Å"all she needs is to be turned up and spanked for six months and then to be married off to an old-fashioned cavalry captain,† embodies the disenchantment that Hartt 3 previous generations felt towards the current one (Fitzgerald 3). 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